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slap / waterfall

Prostorska predstava izrazov iz geografije in 'prostorskih' ved

Spatial ability of geographic terms

Geo-x

slovenščina Slap

slovensko Watefall

What is a waterfall...?
It is not easy to define what a waterfall is. Basically, every falling water is a waterfall. Height isn't the most important, the quantity of falling water also counts.

Subjective point of view: "The most important are our feelings, when we are near waterfall...are they soothing, romantic, respectful ... ? "

  • Waterfall is stream or river which flows on slope which has more than 45 degrees - 100% inclination.
  • Fall must be equal or higher than 5 m (there are also exceptions);
  • Distance between two stages of waterfall can be only 5 m (10 m)- 16 feet ( 32 feet), otherwise there are two waterfalls;
I. Slovenian waterfalls and their height Worldwide waterfalls are divided in two basic groups by their height
  • Low waterfalls - cascades
  • Great waterfalls - cataracts (beside their height, the water flow is also very important)
The only real cataract in Slovenia might be waterfall Boka which height is 144 m (468 feet), wide ( 20 m - 66 feet) and water flow is up to 100 cubic metre per second - depended of the season. Cataract should be Waterfall Savica (78 m - 255 feet) and Waterfall Peričnik (52 m - 170 feet). Both have very strong permanent water flow, but they are not wide enought. Waterfalls (Slovenian terminology) are divided in six groups by their height:
  • A. White waters
  • B. "Waterfalls" with height from 1 m to 3 m ( 3 to 9 feet) are named "jumpers"
  • C. "Waterfalls" with height from 3 to 5 m (9 to 16 feet) are named "Small plungers" or "little waterfalls"
  • D. Low waterfalls : height from 5 to 15 m (16 to 48 feet)
  • E. Medium height waterfalls : height from 15 to 30 m ( 48 - 96 feet)
  • F. Height waterfalls : height more than 30 m ( 96 feet and more)
*suggestions:
  • D. Low waterfalls : height from 5 to 30 m (16 to 96 feet)
  • E. Medium height waterfalls 30 to 79 m ( 96 to 295 feet)
  • F. Hight waterfalls : height more than 80 m ( 295 feet and more). I have changed the limit from previous 90 m to 80 m because of the Gregorčič waterfall.
In Slovenia are many permanent stages of waterfalls with total height up to 1000 m.
Examples:
  • Waterfalls of Globišča - total height of waterfalls is over 400 m, but the highest Waterfall Sapet has height only about 60 m. Somewhere else would be said that here is only one waterfall with height over 400 m.
  • The same is with the Waterfalls of Fratarica . The highest waterfall -Veliki Drsnik is height 112 m, but total height of all waterfalls is almost 1 Km. (1000 m)
  • Waterfalls of Kloma - total height over 700 m. The highest fall of Kloma has height o128 m.
Dictionary - slovarček

II. Waterfalls are divided in two basic geologic groups

A. Constructive waterfalls (Waterfalls with growth),
Usually tufa waterfalls

B. Destructive waterfalls (Waterfalls which are lowering),
- Excavating waterfalls
Waterfalls because of hard crockery among soft one,
Tectonic waterfalls (where are tectonic break zones),
Hooked waterfalls (usually on the edges of valleys),
Barrage waterfalls (waterfalls which are falling from huge rocks)
- Withdrawing waterfalls
Waterfalls with withdraw (such waterfalls are slowly moving up to the steam)
World famous example are Niagara Falls or _ Waterfalls of Iguassu River .

III. Waterfalls and the shape

Some waterfalls could change their shape in a guite short period. Such a change usually isn't perceivable during a human life.
After many approaches to the waterfalls and with the help of the literature from round the world, I have put waterfalls in sixteen basic categories:
(Waterfall could have many shape charasteristic, which can be combined during its flow. Each waterfall could be in a few categories) ...


IV. Waterfalls by the drainage

  • Waterfalls below the spring (waterfall which is also spring of the river or stream, usualy karst vent-holes, examples: Boka Savica Nadiško Šumelišče and some not permanent waterfalls but also interesting : Hubelj spring near Ajdovščina, Govic
That were only permanent waterfalls ( full time drainage). In spring, when snow is melting there are also many plunge waterfalls with height up to 300 m.

About Slovenian waterfalls

Slovenia is a small country in size, but great for discovering. Its location is almost in the "heart" of Europe. There is crossing between Alps on the North and Balkan peninsula on the South, Adriatic sea on the West and Panonia plain on the East. Water drainage is quite rich on mainly mountain surface. That explains why Slovenia has over 300 permanent waterfalls.

waterfalls with the height over 100 m:

1. BOKA ( 144 m) *The upper part = 106 m
2. ČEDCA ( 130 m)
3. KLOMA ( 128 m)
4. SKOK (Jump) ( 118 m)
5. FRATARICA - "Veliki Drsnik" ( 112 m)
6. "Po Dolu " ( 110 m)
7. SUHA (105 m)
8. Brinta (104 m)
9. Peračica ( 102 m)
10. Martuljški slapovi: Upper Waterfall of Martuljek ( 101 m)
11. Waterfall Alpinum Juliana ( 20 + 100 m)
12. Jurež ( the highest waterfall in Karavanke Alps) ( 100 m)

More interesting waterfalls:

Rinka - Slap Savinje (90 m)
"Hudi žleb " (90 m)
Gregorčičev slap (88m)
Savica (78 m)
Palenk (78 m)
Črne vode (70 m )
Sapet - Globišča (60 m)
Cuc (60 m)
Predelski slap (54 m)
Spodnji Peričnik (52 m)
Skok - Parabola (48 m)
Brložniški slap (40 m)
Slap v Hudičevem žlebu (40 m )
"Azmiši slap" (40 m) (uničen v podoru leta 2000)
Orličje (40 m)
Zgornji slap desnega pritoka Belega potoka (35 m)
Božičev slap (30 m)
"Podlebelca" (30 m)
Zaročenca (30 m)
Poličanka - _ drugi slap (30 m)
Slap Male Pišnice (30m)
Kobilji curek (30 m)
Spodnji Martuljkov slap (26 m)
Veliki Beri (25 m)
Poličanka - _ tretji slap (25 m)
Pekel - sedmi slap (25 m)
Veliki Šumik (24 m)
Slap Mostnice (20m)
_ Slap pod Trebešami (20 m)
Slap Jelovščka (20 m)
_ Luknja (20 m)
Nemiljski šum (18 m)
Pekel - tretji slap "Kozjak" (20 m)
Slap "Zob" Desnega Pščaka (20 m)
Veliki Možniški slap (18 m)
Tominčev slap (18 m)
Pekel - peti slap (17 m)
Pekel - drugi slap (17 m)
Zgornji Peričnik (16 m)
Spodnji Gregorčičev slap (15 m)
Ruscov slap (15 m)
Kozjak (15 m)
Slap pod Kopišči (15 m)
Tretji korošaški slap (15 m)
Šum v blejskem Vintgarju (13 m)
Mali šumik (10 m)
slapovi
Slovenski slapovi Slovenija
Waterfalls of Slovenia Slovenia
_
_ Slapovi reke Iguazu Argentina/Brazilija
_ The Iguassu waterfalls Argentina/Brazil
_ Piscia di Ghjaddu

_ Cascade de Piscia di Ghjaddu Korzika, Francija

_ Cascade de Piscia di Ghjaddu Corsica, France

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